<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2023-03-29T09:39:51.3582926+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.785 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 599d3f32616b4d9196adbe0620031cf1 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema xmlns:negated="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2022q4" xmlns:rsg="http://www.republicservices.com/20230512" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022q4" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.republicservices.com/20230512" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022q4/dei-2022q4.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022q4" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022q4/dei-sub-2022q4.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2022q4" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2022q4/ecd-sub-2022q4.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2022q4" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" />
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="rsg-20230512_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Definition Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="rsg-20230512_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Label Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="rsg-20230512_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Presentation Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:element id="rsg_SlagerMember" name="SlagerMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_VanderArkMember" name="VanderArkMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_SCTStockAwardsColumnValueMember" name="SCTStockAwardsColumnValueMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_YearEndFairValueOfOutstandingEquityAwardsGrantedInCoveredYearMember" name="YearEndFairValueOfOutstandingEquityAwardsGrantedInCoveredYearMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_ChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsMember" name="ChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_ChangeInFairValueOfPriorYearEquityAwardsVestedInCoveredYearMember" name="ChangeInFairValueOfPriorYearEquityAwardsVestedInCoveredYearMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_FairValueAsOfVestingDateOfEquityAwardsGrantedAndVestedInCoveredYearMember" name="FairValueAsOfVestingDateOfEquityAwardsGrantedAndVestedInCoveredYearMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="rsg_AverageValueOfDividendsPaidOnEquityAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOfTotalCompensationMember" name="AverageValueOfDividendsPaidOnEquityAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOfTotalCompensationMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
